{"id":12970,"date":"2024-07-26T02:01:29","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T02:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk?p=12970"},"modified":"2024-07-26T02:11:24","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T02:11:24","slug":"camera-module-cmos-image-sensor-selection-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/fr\/guide-de-selection-du-capteur-dimage-cmos-du-module-de-camera\/","title":{"rendered":"Guide de s\u00e9lection du capteur d&#039;image CMOS du module de cam\u00e9ra"},"content":{"rendered":"<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Introduction au capteur d&#039;image CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959059882040.jpeg\" title=\"1721959059882040.jpeg\" alt=\"47b604a4bbd732e42f72ecfd90cc930f1173.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal;\"><\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;\">Les capteurs d&#039;images sont des dispositifs qui convertissent les signaux lumineux en signaux \u00e9lectriques et sont largement utilis\u00e9s sur les march\u00e9s de la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision num\u00e9rique et de la communication visuelle. Actuellement, les deux plus utilis\u00e9s sont les CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) et les CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor).<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Parmi eux, le CMOS est actuellement le plus accrocheur et est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme ayant le plus grand potentiel de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Le capteur d&#039;image CMOS est un capteur d&#039;image \u00e0 semi-conducteurs typique, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9 d&#039;un r\u00e9seau d&#039;unit\u00e9s sensibles \u00e0 l&#039;image, d&#039;un pilote de ligne, d&#039;un pilote de colonne, d&#039;une logique de contr\u00f4le de synchronisation, d&#039;un convertisseur AD, d&#039;une interface de sortie de bus de donn\u00e9es, d&#039;une interface de contr\u00f4le et d&#039;autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement int\u00e9gr\u00e9s sur la m\u00eame puce de silicium. Son processus de fonctionnement peut g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00eatre divis\u00e9 en r\u00e9initialisation, conversion photo\u00e9lectrique, int\u00e9gration et lecture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">D&#039;autres circuits de traitement de signal num\u00e9rique peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9s sur la puce du capteur d&#039;image CMOS, tels que des convertisseurs AN, un contr\u00f4le automatique de l&#039;exposition, une compensation de non-uniformit\u00e9, un traitement de la balance des blancs, un contr\u00f4le du niveau de noir, une correction gamma, etc. Afin d&#039;effectuer des calculs rapides, m\u00eame des dispositifs DSP dot\u00e9s de fonctions programmables peuvent \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9s aux dispositifs CMOS pour former un appareil photo num\u00e9rique monopuce et un syst\u00e8me de traitement d&#039;image.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, un capteur d&#039;image CMOS doit \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un syst\u00e8me d&#039;image. En fait, lorsqu&#039;un concepteur ach\u00e8te un capteur d&#039;image CMOS, il obtient un syst\u00e8me complet comprenant des registres logiques de matrice d&#039;images, une m\u00e9moire, des g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs d&#039;impulsions de synchronisation et des convertisseurs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Principe de fonctionnement du capteur d&#039;image CMOS<\/strong><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">1. Structure des pixels du tube MOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Le transistor MOS et la photodiode forment une section structurelle \u00e9quivalente \u00e0 un pixel. Pendant la p\u00e9riode d&#039;int\u00e9gration de la lumi\u00e8re, le transistor MOS est coup\u00e9 et la photodiode g\u00e9n\u00e8re des porteurs correspondants en fonction de l&#039;intensit\u00e9 de la lumi\u00e8re incidente et les stocke \u00e0 la jonction PN de la source (position \u2460 sur la figure ci-dessous).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959102886392.png\" title=\"1721959102886392.png\" alt=\"b286cf5614f158b1356093e4ebe3cc87.png\"\/><\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Lorsque la p\u00e9riode d&#039;int\u00e9gration se termine, une impulsion de balayage est appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 la grille du transistor MOS, le mettant sous tension, r\u00e9initialisant la photodiode au potentiel de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence et provoquant la circulation d&#039;un courant vid\u00e9o \u00e0 travers la charge, dont l&#039;amplitude correspond \u00e0 l&#039;intensit\u00e9 lumineuse incidente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">La jonction PN de la source du transistor MOS joue le r\u00f4le de conversion photo\u00e9lectrique et de stockage des porteurs. Lorsqu&#039;un signal d&#039;impulsion est appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 la grille, le signal vid\u00e9o est lu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">2. Structure du r\u00e9seau de capteurs d&#039;images CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">La structure de la matrice de pixels CMOS se compose d&#039;un registre \u00e0 d\u00e9calage horizontal, d&#039;un registre \u00e0 d\u00e9calage vertical et d&#039;une matrice de pixels CMOS.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959115495642.png\" title=\"1721959115495642.png\" alt=\"0fbae8e2f588e469566f3aac012108fa.png\"\/><\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Structure du r\u00e9seau de capteurs CMOS<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">(1 registre \u00e0 d\u00e9calage vertical ; 2 registre \u00e0 d\u00e9calage horizontal ; 3 commutateur de balayage horizontal ; 4 commutateur de balayage vertical ; 5 matrice de pixels ; 6 ligne de signal ; 7 pixels)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Comme mentionn\u00e9 ci-dessus, chaque transistor MOS agit comme un commutateur sous l&#039;impulsion des circuits de balayage horizontal et vertical. Le registre \u00e0 d\u00e9calage horizontal active s\u00e9quentiellement les transistors MOS qui jouent le r\u00f4le de balayage horizontal de gauche \u00e0 droite, c&#039;est-\u00e0-dire le r\u00f4le d&#039;adressage de la colonne, et le registre \u00e0 d\u00e9calage vertical s&#039;adresse s\u00e9quentiellement aux lignes du r\u00e9seau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Chaque pixel est constitu\u00e9 d&#039;une photodiode et d&#039;un transistor MOS qui fait office d&#039;interrupteur vertical. L&#039;interrupteur horizontal est activ\u00e9 en s\u00e9quence sous l&#039;action de l&#039;impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par le registre \u00e0 d\u00e9calage horizontal, et l&#039;interrupteur vertical est activ\u00e9 sous l&#039;action de l&#039;impulsion g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par le registre \u00e0 d\u00e9calage vertical, de sorte que la tension de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence (polarisation) est appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 la photodiode du pixel en s\u00e9quence.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959143992082.png\" title=\"1721959143992082.png\" alt=\"9ed5df76408441d16f38390c65e8f40b.png\"\/><\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">3. Principe de fonctionnement et processus du capteur d&#039;image CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Selon le sch\u00e9ma fonctionnel du capteur d&#039;image CMOS, on peut constater que le flux de travail du capteur d&#039;image CMOS est principalement divis\u00e9 en trois \u00e9tapes suivantes.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959158449757.png\" title=\"1721959158449757.png\" alt=\"30308ea76b283051e60b6e95e543c8b6.png\"\/><\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Sch\u00e9ma fonctionnel d&#039;un capteur d&#039;image CMOS<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">\u00c9tape 1 : La lumi\u00e8re externe irradie la matrice de pixels, provoquant un effet photo\u00e9lectrique et g\u00e9n\u00e9rant des charges correspondantes dans l&#039;unit\u00e9 de pixel.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">La sc\u00e8ne est focalis\u00e9e sur le r\u00e9seau de capteurs d&#039;images \u00e0 travers la lentille d&#039;imagerie. Le r\u00e9seau de capteurs d&#039;images est un r\u00e9seau de pixels bidimensionnel. Chaque pixel comprend une photodiode. La photodiode de chaque pixel convertit l&#039;intensit\u00e9 lumineuse sur sa surface en un signal \u00e9lectrique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">\u00c9tape 2 : S\u00e9lectionnez le pixel que vous souhaitez utiliser via le circuit de s\u00e9lection de ligne et le circuit de s\u00e9lection de colonne, et lisez le signal \u00e9lectrique sur le pixel.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Pendant le processus de s\u00e9lection, l&#039;unit\u00e9 logique de s\u00e9lection de ligne peut balayer la matrice de pixels ligne par ligne ou en alternance, et il en va de m\u00eame pour les colonnes. L&#039;unit\u00e9 logique de s\u00e9lection de ligne et l&#039;unit\u00e9 logique de s\u00e9lection de colonne peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es ensemble pour r\u00e9aliser la fonction d&#039;extraction de fen\u00eatre de l&#039;image.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">\u00c9tape 3\u00a0: Effectuez le traitement du signal sur les unit\u00e9s de pixels correspondantes.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Les signaux d&#039;image des unit\u00e9s de pixels de ligne sont transmis aux unit\u00e9s de traitement de signal analogique correspondantes et aux convertisseurs A\/N via les bus de signaux de leurs colonnes respectives, puis convertis en signaux d&#039;image num\u00e9riques pour la sortie. La fonction principale des unit\u00e9s de traitement de signal analogique est d&#039;amplifier les signaux et d&#039;am\u00e9liorer le rapport signal\/bruit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Une fois le signal \u00e9lectrique du pixel amplifi\u00e9, il est envoy\u00e9 au circuit d&#039;\u00e9chantillonnage double corr\u00e9l\u00e9 (CDS) pour traitement. L&#039;\u00e9chantillonnage double corr\u00e9l\u00e9 est une m\u00e9thode importante utilis\u00e9e par les appareils de haute qualit\u00e9 pour \u00e9liminer certaines interf\u00e9rences. Son principe de base est que le capteur d&#039;image conduit \u00e0 deux sorties, l&#039;une pour le signal en temps r\u00e9el et l&#039;autre pour le signal de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Les signaux d&#039;interf\u00e9rence identiques ou apparent\u00e9s sont \u00e9limin\u00e9s par la diff\u00e9rence des deux signaux.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Cette m\u00e9thode permet de r\u00e9duire le bruit KTC, le bruit de r\u00e9initialisation et le bruit de motif fixe FPN (Fixed Pattern Noise), et peut \u00e9galement r\u00e9duire le bruit 1\/f et am\u00e9liorer le rapport signal\/bruit. En outre, il peut \u00e9galement effectuer l&#039;int\u00e9gration du signal, l&#039;amplification, l&#039;\u00e9chantillonnage, la conservation et d&#039;autres fonctions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Le signal est ensuite envoy\u00e9 vers un convertisseur analogique\/num\u00e9rique et converti en un signal de sortie num\u00e9rique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">De plus, pour obtenir une cam\u00e9ra pratique de qualit\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9e, la puce doit contenir divers circuits de commande, tels que le contr\u00f4le du temps d&#039;exposition, le contr\u00f4le automatique du gain, etc. Afin de faire bouger chaque partie du circuit de la puce \u00e0 un rythme sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9, plusieurs signaux de commande de synchronisation doivent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s. Afin de faciliter l&#039;application de la cam\u00e9ra, la puce doit \u00e9galement \u00e9mettre certains signaux de synchronisation, tels que des signaux de synchronisation, des signaux de d\u00e9marrage de ligne, des signaux de d\u00e9marrage de champ, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Domaines d&#039;application des capteurs d&#039;images CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Les capteurs d&#039;image CMOS pr\u00e9sentent les avantages d&#039;une petite taille, d&#039;une faible consommation d&#039;\u00e9nergie, d&#039;un prix bas et d&#039;une production de masse, et ils repr\u00e9sentent 90% du march\u00e9 des capteurs d&#039;image. Ils sont largement utilis\u00e9s dans les appareils photo num\u00e9riques, les smartphones, la conduite autonome, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, l&#039;Internet des objets et d&#039;autres domaines, et ont un \u00e9norme potentiel de march\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;avenir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; max-width: 100%;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">num\u00e9rique&nbsp;<\/strong><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">cam\u00e9ra<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Au d\u00e9but des appareils photo num\u00e9riques, la plupart d&#039;entre eux utilisaient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des capteurs CCD. Cependant, plus tard, le CMOS s&#039;est rapidement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 et est devenu un composant indispensable des appareils photo reflex domestiques.<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Bien que le CMOS soit l\u00e9g\u00e8rement inf\u00e9rieur au CCD en termes de saturation des couleurs et de texture, la puce de traitement CMOS peut compenser ces d\u00e9fauts, il est donc toujours meilleur que le CCD dans d&#039;autres aspects, tels que le m\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9duction du bruit, la vitesse de lecture rapide, l&#039;\u00e9conomie d&#039;\u00e9nergie, etc. Sur le march\u00e9, de nombreux reflex hautes performances pr\u00e9sentent les caract\u00e9ristiques ci-dessus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; max-width: 100%;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\">t\u00e9l\u00e9phone intelligent<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Comme nous le savons tous, les terminaux mobiles ont toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 un march\u00e9 important pour les capteurs d&#039;image CMOS. Les cam\u00e9ras doubles et les cam\u00e9ras 3D sont largement utilis\u00e9es dans les smartphones, et l&#039;ajout d&#039;objectifs aide les fabricants de t\u00e9l\u00e9phones mobiles \u00e0 \u00e9largir l&#039;\u00e9cart entre leurs strat\u00e9gies de vente et les produits concurrents. Les fabricants sont plus actifs dans l&#039;installation de modules de cam\u00e9ra, en particulier en utilisant des objectifs fonctionnels \u00e0 faible pixel de 2 \u00e0 5 millions pour augmenter le nombre d&#039;objectifs dans leurs produits.<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">D&#039;une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les capteurs CMOS peuvent \u00eatre divis\u00e9s en capteurs CMOS r\u00e9tro\u00e9clair\u00e9s et en capteurs CMOS empil\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Le capteur CMOS r\u00e9tro\u00e9clair\u00e9 commute la photodiode et la couche de c\u00e2blage de sorte que la lumi\u00e8re p\u00e9n\u00e8tre en premier dans la photodiode photosensible, augmentant ainsi la sensibilit\u00e9 et am\u00e9liorant consid\u00e9rablement l&#039;effet de prise de vue dans des environnements \u00e0 faible luminosit\u00e9. iPhone, Xiaomi, Meizu, comme nous le savons tous, sont \u00e9quip\u00e9s de tels capteurs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Le capteur CMOS empil\u00e9 est un d\u00e9riv\u00e9 du capteur CMOS r\u00e9tro\u00e9clair\u00e9. Il s&#039;agit du capteur le plus utilis\u00e9 et le plus avanc\u00e9 dans les appareils photo des t\u00e9l\u00e9phones portables et il s&#039;agit d&#039;une technologie exclusive de Sony.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; max-width: 100%;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\">Pilote automatique<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Aujourd\u2019hui, le march\u00e9 automobile est devenu le deuxi\u00e8me plus grand domaine d\u2019application des capteurs CMOS apr\u00e8s les t\u00e9l\u00e9phones mobiles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Avec le d\u00e9veloppement de la technologie de conduite autonome, la demande de cam\u00e9ras embarqu\u00e9es a augment\u00e9 rapidement. Chaque cam\u00e9ra suppl\u00e9mentaire n\u00e9cessite un capteur CMOS suppl\u00e9mentaire, ce qui entra\u00eene directement la croissance de la taille du march\u00e9 CMOS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Selon les derni\u00e8res pr\u00e9visions du groupe Yole, la valeur marchande des capteurs d&#039;image CMOS a augment\u00e9 de 14 \u00e0 5,5 milliards de dollars entre 2016 et 2022, devenant ainsi le segment \u00e0 la croissance la plus rapide et au pourcentage le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 parmi les capteurs automobiles (y compris divers radars, capteurs, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; max-width: 100%;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Domaine de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Dans le domaine de la surveillance de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, les informations visuelles doivent \u00eatre obtenues via des cam\u00e9ras, ce qui n\u00e9cessite des capteurs d&#039;image CMOS. Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, avec l&#039;int\u00e9gration profonde de l&#039;industrie de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 avec des technologies telles que l&#039;intelligence artificielle, le big data et le cloud computing, l&#039;\u00e9chelle de l&#039;ensemble du march\u00e9 de la surveillance de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 n&#039;a cess\u00e9 de s&#039;\u00e9tendre. Sur les 851 milliards de yuans de valeur de production totale de l&#039;industrie chinoise de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 en 2020, les projets de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 510 milliards de yuans, les produits de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 260 milliards de yuans et le march\u00e9 de l&#039;exploitation, de la maintenance et des services a repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 81 milliards de yuans. \u00c0 l&#039;avenir, avec la poursuite de la mise en \u0153uvre de l&#039;infrastructure de l&#039;industrie de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, l&#039;\u00e9chelle du march\u00e9 des CIS dans le domaine de la surveillance de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 continuera de cro\u00eetre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; max-width: 100%;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Domaine IOT (Internet des Objets)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3F3F3F; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Dans le domaine de l&#039;IOT, un grand nombre d&#039;appareils \u00e9lectroniques doivent \u00eatre \u00e9quip\u00e9s de modules de cam\u00e9ra pour r\u00e9aliser des fonctions d&#039;image, de reconnaissance faciale, d&#039;appels vid\u00e9o et autres. Tels que la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, les haut-parleurs intelligents, les drones, la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 virtuelle\/r\u00e9alit\u00e9 augment\u00e9e et d&#039;autres produits. En outre, un grand nombre de capteurs d&#039;image CMOS sont \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaires dans les syst\u00e8mes m\u00e9dicaux et industriels. Aujourd&#039;hui, les domaines de la recherche m\u00e9dicale et scientifique cherchent \u00e0 utiliser des capteurs CMOS moins co\u00fbteux et plus efficaces pour remplacer la plupart des anciens produits. Avec le d\u00e9veloppement de la vision artificielle, de plus en plus de lignes de production industrielles introduiront des capteurs d&#039;image pour am\u00e9liorer l&#039;efficacit\u00e9 et la qualit\u00e9 de la production.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3F3F3F; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">S\u00e9lection du capteur d&#039;image CMOS de Canon<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Liste des produits de capteurs d&#039;image CMOS Canon<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959206772015.png\" title=\"1721959206772015.png\" alt=\"b2f5519560ba82b65e1c2d3b8e2d59b0.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959215374979.png\" title=\"1721959215374979.png\" alt=\"4082b89f70ec149a51bd683d1d8655f3.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Produits haute r\u00e9solution<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959235564675.png\" title=\"1721959235564675.png\" alt=\"4006a0fe10c0c6e4c5be1b6dfd34f086.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\">Gamme de produits de vision industrielle\/surveillance<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959253338719.png\" title=\"1721959253338719.png\" alt=\"3e4a2bd408e0fa92d30c01b5efc0365a.png\"\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; white-space: normal;\">\u00b7FINIR\u00b7<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to CMOS Image Sensor Image sensors are devices that convert light signals into electrical signals and are widely used in the digital television and visual communication markets. Currently, the two most widely used are CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). Among them, CMOS is currently the most eye-catching and is considered to have the greatest development potential. CMOS image sensor is a typical solid-state imaging sensor, usually composed of image sensitive unit array, row driver, column driver, timing control logic, AD converter, data bus output interface, control interface and other parts. These parts are usually integrated on the same silicon chip. Its working process can generally be divided into reset, photoelectric conversion, integration and readout. Other digital signal processing circuits can also be integrated on the CMOS image sensor chip, such as AD converters, automatic exposure control, non-uniformity compensation, white balance processing, black level control, gamma correction, etc. In order to perform fast calculations, even DSP devices with programmable functions can be integrated with CMOS devices to form a single-chip digital camera and image processing system. More precisely, a CMOS image sensor should be considered an image system. In fact, when a designer buys a CMOS image sensor, he or she gets a complete system including image array logic registers, memory, timing pulse generators, and converters. Working Principle of CMOS Image Sensor 1. Pixel structure of MOS tube The MOS transistor and the photodiode form a structural cross-section equivalent to a pixel. During the light integration period, the MOS transistor is cut off, and the photodiode generates corresponding carriers according to the intensity of the incident light and stores them at the P-N junction of the source (position \u2460 in the figure below). When the integration period ends, a scan pulse is applied to the gate of the MOS transistor, turning it on, resetting the photodiode to the reference potential, and causing a video current to flow through the load, the magnitude of which corresponds to the incident light intensity. The MOS transistor source P.N junction plays the role of photoelectric conversion and carrier storage. When a pulse signal is applied to the gate, the video signal is read out. 2. CMOS image sensor array structure The CMOS pixel array structure consists of a horizontal shift register, a vertical shift register and a CMOS pixel array. CMOS sensor array structure (1-vertical shift register; 2-horizontal shift register; 3-horizontal scanning switch; 4-vertical scanning switch; 5-pixel array; 6-signal line; 7-pixel) As mentioned above, each MOS transistor acts as a switch under the pulse drive of the horizontal and vertical scanning circuits. The horizontal shift register sequentially turns on the MOS transistors that play the horizontal scanning role from left to right, that is, the role of addressing the column, and the vertical shift register sequentially addresses the rows of the array. Each pixel consists of a photodiode and a MOS transistor that acts as a vertical switch. The horizontal switch is turned on in sequence under the action of the pulse generated by the horizontal shift register, and the vertical switch is turned on under the action of the pulse generated by the vertical shift register, so that the reference voltage (bias) is applied to the photodiode of the pixel in sequence. 3. Working principle and process of CMOS image sensor According to the functional block diagram of the CMOS image sensor, it can be found that the workflow of the CMOS image sensor is mainly divided into the following three steps. Functional block diagram of a CMOS image sensor Step 1: External light irradiates the pixel array, causing a photoelectric effect and generating corresponding charges in the pixel unit. The scene is focused onto the image sensor array through the imaging lens. The image sensor array is a two-dimensional pixel array. Each pixel includes a photodiode. The photodiode in each pixel converts the light intensity on its array surface into an electrical signal. Step 2: Select the pixel you want to operate through the row selection circuit and the column selection circuit, and read the electrical signal on the pixel. During the gating process, the row selection logic unit can scan the pixel array row by row or alternately, and the same is true for the columns. The row selection logic unit and the column selection logic unit can be used together to realize the window extraction function of the image. Step 3: Perform signal processing on the corresponding pixel units. The image signals in the row pixel units are transmitted to the corresponding analog signal processing units and A\/D converters through the signal buses of their respective columns, and converted into digital image signals for output. The main function of the analog signal processing units is to amplify the signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. After the pixel electrical signal is amplified, it is sent to the correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit for processing. Correlated double sampling is an important method used by high-quality devices to eliminate some interference. Its basic principle is that the image sensor leads to two outputs, one for the real-time signal and the other for the reference signal. The same or related interference signals are removed by the difference of the two signals. This method can reduce KTC noise, reset noise and fixed pattern noise FPN (Fixed Pattern Noise), and can also reduce 1\/f noise and improve signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, it can also complete signal integration, amplification, sampling, holding and other functions. The signal is then output to an analog\/digital converter and converted into a digital signal output. In addition, in order to obtain a practical camera of qualified quality, the chip must contain various control circuits, such as exposure time control, automatic gain control, etc. In order to make each part of the circuit in the chip move at a specified beat, multiple timing control signals must be used. In order to facilitate the application of the camera, the chip is also required to output some timing signals, such<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12970"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12970\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}