{"id":12970,"date":"2024-07-26T02:01:29","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T02:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk?p=12970"},"modified":"2024-07-26T02:11:24","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T02:11:24","slug":"camera-module-cmos-image-sensor-selection-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/id\/panduan-pemilihan-sensor-gambar-cmos-modul-kamera\/","title":{"rendered":"Panduan Pemilihan Sensor Gambar CMOS pada Modul Kamera"},"content":{"rendered":"<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Pengenalan Sensor Gambar CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959059882040.jpeg\" title=\"1721959059882040.jpeg\" alt=\"47b604a4bbd732e42f72ecfd90cc930f1173.jpeg\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal;\"><\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px;\">Sensor gambar adalah perangkat yang mengubah sinyal cahaya menjadi sinyal listrik dan banyak digunakan di pasar televisi digital dan komunikasi visual. Saat ini, dua sensor yang paling banyak digunakan adalah CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) dan CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor).<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Di antara semuanya, CMOS saat ini paling menarik perhatian dan dianggap memiliki potensi pengembangan terbesar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Sensor gambar CMOS merupakan sensor pencitraan solid-state yang umum, biasanya terdiri dari rangkaian unit peka gambar, penggerak baris, penggerak kolom, logika kontrol waktu, konverter AD, antarmuka keluaran bus data, antarmuka kontrol, dan komponen lainnya. Komponen-komponen ini biasanya terintegrasi pada chip silikon yang sama. Proses kerjanya secara umum dapat dibagi menjadi pengaturan ulang, konversi fotolistrik, integrasi, dan pembacaan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Rangkaian pemrosesan sinyal digital lainnya juga dapat diintegrasikan pada chip sensor gambar CMOS, seperti konverter AD, kontrol pencahayaan otomatis, kompensasi ketidakseragaman, pemrosesan keseimbangan putih, kontrol level hitam, koreksi gamma, dsb. Untuk melakukan kalkulasi cepat, bahkan perangkat DSP dengan fungsi yang dapat diprogram dapat diintegrasikan dengan perangkat CMOS untuk membentuk kamera digital chip tunggal dan sistem pemrosesan gambar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Lebih tepatnya, sensor gambar CMOS harus dianggap sebagai sistem gambar. Faktanya, ketika seorang desainer membeli sensor gambar CMOS, ia mendapatkan sistem lengkap termasuk register logika susunan gambar, memori, generator pulsa pengaturan waktu, dan konverter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Prinsip Kerja Sensor Gambar CMOS<\/strong><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">1. Struktur piksel tabung MOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Transistor MOS dan fotodioda membentuk penampang struktural yang setara dengan piksel. Selama periode integrasi cahaya, transistor MOS terputus, dan fotodioda menghasilkan pembawa yang sesuai sesuai dengan intensitas cahaya yang datang dan menyimpannya di sambungan PN sumber (posisi \u2460 pada gambar di bawah).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959102886392.png\" title=\"1721959102886392.png\" alt=\"b286cf5614f158b1356093e4ebe3cc87.png\"\/><\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Ketika periode integrasi berakhir, pulsa pemindaian diterapkan ke gerbang transistor MOS, menyalakannya, mengatur ulang fotodioda ke potensial referensi, dan menyebabkan arus video mengalir melalui beban, yang besarnya sesuai dengan intensitas cahaya yang datang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Sambungan PN sumber transistor MOS berperan sebagai konversi fotolistrik dan penyimpanan pembawa muatan. Saat sinyal pulsa diberikan ke gerbang, sinyal video akan terbaca.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">2. Struktur susunan sensor gambar CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Struktur susunan piksel CMOS terdiri atas register pergeseran horizontal, register pergeseran vertikal, dan susunan piksel CMOS.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959115495642.png\" title=\"1721959115495642.png\" alt=\"0fbae8e2f588e469566f3aac012108fa.png\"\/><\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Struktur susunan sensor CMOS<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">(1-register pergeseran vertikal; 2-register pergeseran horizontal; 3-saklar pemindaian horizontal; 4-saklar pemindaian vertikal; 5-array piksel; 6-garis sinyal; 7-piksel)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Seperti disebutkan di atas, setiap transistor MOS bertindak sebagai sakelar di bawah penggerak pulsa dari rangkaian pemindaian horizontal dan vertikal. Register geser horizontal secara berurutan menyalakan transistor MOS yang memainkan peran pemindaian horizontal dari kiri ke kanan, yaitu peran pengalamatan kolom, dan register geser vertikal secara berurutan mengalamatkan baris-baris array.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Setiap piksel terdiri dari fotodioda dan transistor MOS yang berfungsi sebagai sakelar vertikal. Sakelar horizontal dinyalakan secara berurutan di bawah aksi pulsa yang dihasilkan oleh register geser horizontal, dan sakelar vertikal dinyalakan di bawah aksi pulsa yang dihasilkan oleh register geser vertikal, sehingga tegangan referensi (bias) diterapkan ke fotodioda piksel secara berurutan.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959143992082.png\" title=\"1721959143992082.png\" alt=\"9ed5df76408441d16f38390c65e8f40b.png\"\/><\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">3. Prinsip kerja dan proses sensor gambar CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Menurut diagram blok fungsional sensor gambar CMOS, dapat ditemukan bahwa alur kerja sensor gambar CMOS terutama dibagi menjadi tiga langkah berikut.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959158449757.png\" title=\"1721959158449757.png\" alt=\"30308ea76b283051e60b6e95e543c8b6.png\"\/><\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Diagram blok fungsional sensor gambar CMOS<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Langkah 1: Cahaya eksternal menyinari susunan piksel, menyebabkan efek fotolistrik dan menghasilkan muatan yang sesuai dalam unit piksel.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Pemandangan difokuskan ke susunan sensor gambar melalui lensa pencitraan. Susunan sensor gambar merupakan susunan piksel dua dimensi. Setiap piksel mencakup fotodioda. Fotodioda di setiap piksel mengubah intensitas cahaya pada permukaan susunannya menjadi sinyal listrik.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Langkah 2: Pilih piksel yang ingin Anda operasikan melalui rangkaian pemilihan baris dan rangkaian pemilihan kolom, dan baca sinyal listrik pada piksel tersebut.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Selama proses gating, unit logika pemilihan baris dapat memindai susunan piksel baris demi baris atau secara bergantian, dan hal yang sama berlaku untuk kolom. Unit logika pemilihan baris dan unit logika pemilihan kolom dapat digunakan bersama-sama untuk mewujudkan fungsi ekstraksi jendela pada gambar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Langkah 3: Lakukan pemrosesan sinyal pada unit piksel yang sesuai.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Sinyal gambar dalam unit piksel baris ditransmisikan ke unit pemrosesan sinyal analog dan konverter A\/D yang sesuai melalui bus sinyal di kolom masing-masing, dan diubah menjadi sinyal gambar digital untuk keluaran. Fungsi utama unit pemrosesan sinyal analog adalah untuk memperkuat sinyal dan meningkatkan rasio sinyal terhadap derau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Setelah sinyal listrik piksel diperkuat, sinyal tersebut dikirim ke sirkuit pengambilan sampel ganda berkorelasi (CDS) untuk diproses. Pengambilan sampel ganda berkorelasi merupakan metode penting yang digunakan oleh perangkat berkualitas tinggi untuk menghilangkan beberapa gangguan. Prinsip dasarnya adalah bahwa sensor gambar menghasilkan dua keluaran, satu untuk sinyal waktu nyata dan yang lainnya untuk sinyal referensi. Sinyal gangguan yang sama atau terkait dihilangkan oleh perbedaan kedua sinyal tersebut.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Metode ini dapat mengurangi derau KTC, derau reset, dan derau pola tetap FPN (Fixed Pattern Noise), serta dapat mengurangi derau 1\/f dan meningkatkan rasio sinyal terhadap derau. Selain itu, metode ini juga dapat melengkapi integrasi sinyal, amplifikasi, pengambilan sampel, penahanan, dan fungsi lainnya.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Sinyal tersebut kemudian dikeluarkan ke konverter analog\/digital dan diubah menjadi keluaran sinyal digital.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Selain itu, untuk mendapatkan kamera praktis dengan kualitas yang mumpuni, chip tersebut harus berisi berbagai rangkaian kontrol, seperti kontrol waktu pencahayaan, kontrol penguatan otomatis, dll. Agar setiap bagian rangkaian dalam chip bergerak pada ketukan tertentu, beberapa sinyal kontrol pengaturan waktu harus digunakan. Untuk memudahkan penerapan kamera, chip tersebut juga diharuskan untuk mengeluarkan beberapa sinyal pengaturan waktu, seperti sinyal sinkronisasi, sinyal awal garis, sinyal awal bidang, dll.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Bidang Aplikasi Sensor Gambar CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Sensor gambar CMOS memiliki keunggulan berupa ukuran kecil, konsumsi daya rendah, harga murah, dan produksi massal, serta menguasai 90% pasar sensor gambar. Sensor ini banyak digunakan dalam kamera digital, ponsel pintar, kendaraan otonom, keamanan, Internet of Things, dan bidang lainnya, serta memiliki potensi pasar yang besar di masa mendatang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; max-width: 100%;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">digital&nbsp;<\/strong><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">kamera<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Pada awal kemunculan kamera digital, sebagian besar kamera digital umumnya menggunakan pencitraan CCD. Namun, kemudian, CMOS berkembang pesat dan menjadi komponen yang sangat diperlukan dalam kamera SLR rumahan.<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Meskipun CMOS sedikit lebih rendah dari CCD dalam hal saturasi warna dan tekstur, chip pemrosesan CMOS dapat mengatasinya, sehingga masih lebih baik daripada CCD dalam aspek lain, seperti mekanisme pengurangan noise, kecepatan baca yang cepat, penghematan daya, dll. Di pasaran, banyak SLR berperforma tinggi yang memiliki karakteristik di atas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; max-width: 100%;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\">telepon pintar<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Seperti yang kita ketahui, terminal seluler selalu menjadi pasar penting bagi sensor gambar CMOS. Kamera ganda dan kamera 3D banyak digunakan di telepon pintar, dan penambahan lensa membantu produsen telepon seluler memperlebar kesenjangan antara strategi penjualan mereka dan produk pesaing. Produsen lebih aktif memasang modul kamera, terutama menggunakan 2 juta hingga 5 juta lensa fungsional piksel rendah untuk menambah jumlah lensa dalam produk mereka.<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Secara umum, sensor CMOS dapat dibagi menjadi sensor CMOS dengan penerangan belakang dan sensor CMOS bertumpuk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Sensor CMOS dengan lampu latar mengganti lapisan fotodioda dan kabel sehingga cahaya memasuki fotodioda fotosensitif terlebih dahulu, sehingga meningkatkan sensitivitas dan secara signifikan meningkatkan efek pemotretan di lingkungan dengan cahaya redup. iPhone, Xiaomi, Meizu, seperti yang kita semua tahu, dilengkapi dengan sensor semacam itu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3E3E3E; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Sensor CMOS bertumpuk merupakan turunan dari sensor CMOS bercahaya belakang. Sensor ini merupakan sensor yang paling banyak digunakan dan paling canggih pada kamera ponsel dan merupakan teknologi eksklusif Sony.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; max-width: 100%;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\">Pilot otomatis<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Saat ini, pasar otomotif telah menjadi area aplikasi terbesar kedua untuk sensor CMOS setelah ponsel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Dengan berkembangnya teknologi mengemudi otomatis, permintaan kamera yang dipasang di kendaraan meningkat pesat. Setiap kamera tambahan memerlukan sensor CMOS tambahan, yang secara langsung mendorong pertumbuhan ukuran pasar CMOS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Menurut perkiraan terbaru oleh Yole Group, nilai pasar sensor gambar CMOS telah meningkat sebesar US$14,5 miliar dari tahun 2016 hingga 2022, menjadi segmen dengan pertumbuhan tercepat dan persentase tertinggi di antara sensor otomotif (termasuk berbagai radar, sensor, dll.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; max-width: 100%;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Bidang keamanan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3B3B3B; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Di bidang pemantauan keamanan, informasi visual perlu diperoleh melalui kamera, yang memerlukan sensor gambar CMOS. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, dengan integrasi mendalam industri keamanan dengan teknologi seperti kecerdasan buatan, data besar, dan komputasi awan, skala seluruh pasar pemantauan keamanan terus berkembang. Dari total nilai output industri keamanan Tiongkok sebesar 851 miliar yuan pada tahun 2020, proyek keamanan menyumbang 510 miliar yuan, produk keamanan menyumbang 260 miliar yuan, dan pasar operasi dan pemeliharaan serta layanan menyumbang 81 miliar yuan. Di masa mendatang, dengan implementasi lebih lanjut infrastruktur industri keamanan, skala pasar CIS di bidang pemantauan keamanan akan terus tumbuh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"padding: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; max-width: 100%;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Bidang IOT (Internet of Things)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3F3F3F; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\">Di bidang IoT, sejumlah besar perangkat keras elektronik perlu dilengkapi dengan modul kamera untuk mewujudkan gambar, pengenalan wajah, panggilan video, dan fungsi lainnya. Seperti TV, speaker pintar, drone, VR\/AR, dan produk lainnya. Selain itu, sejumlah besar sensor gambar CMOS juga dibutuhkan dalam sistem medis dan industri. Kini, bidang penelitian medis dan ilmiah berupaya menggunakan sensor CMOS yang lebih murah dan lebih efektif untuk menggantikan sebagian besar produk lama; dengan perkembangan visi mesin, semakin banyak lini produksi industri yang akan memperkenalkan sensor gambar untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas produksi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #3F3F3F; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Pemilihan Sensor Gambar CMOS Canon<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<section>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Daftar Produk Sensor Gambar CMOS Canon<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959206772015.png\" title=\"1721959206772015.png\" alt=\"b2f5519560ba82b65e1c2d3b8e2d59b0.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959215374979.png\" title=\"1721959215374979.png\" alt=\"4082b89f70ec149a51bd683d1d8655f3.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%;\">Produk resolusi tinggi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959235564675.png\" title=\"1721959235564675.png\" alt=\"4006a0fe10c0c6e4c5be1b6dfd34f086.png\"\/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\">Seri Produk Visi\/Pemantauan Mesin<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/20240726\/1721959253338719.png\" title=\"1721959253338719.png\" alt=\"3e4a2bd408e0fa92d30c01b5efc0365a.png\"\/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); white-space: normal; text-align: center;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;\"><span style=\"max-width: 100%; color: #456BB0;\"><strong style=\"max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial; font-size: 18px; text-align: center; white-space: normal;\">\u00b7AKHIR\u00b7<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to CMOS Image Sensor Image sensors are devices that convert light signals into electrical signals and are widely used in the digital television and visual communication markets. Currently, the two most widely used are CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). Among them, CMOS is currently the most eye-catching and is considered to have the greatest development potential. CMOS image sensor is a typical solid-state imaging sensor, usually composed of image sensitive unit array, row driver, column driver, timing control logic, AD converter, data bus output interface, control interface and other parts. These parts are usually integrated on the same silicon chip. Its working process can generally be divided into reset, photoelectric conversion, integration and readout. Other digital signal processing circuits can also be integrated on the CMOS image sensor chip, such as AD converters, automatic exposure control, non-uniformity compensation, white balance processing, black level control, gamma correction, etc. In order to perform fast calculations, even DSP devices with programmable functions can be integrated with CMOS devices to form a single-chip digital camera and image processing system. More precisely, a CMOS image sensor should be considered an image system. In fact, when a designer buys a CMOS image sensor, he or she gets a complete system including image array logic registers, memory, timing pulse generators, and converters. Working Principle of CMOS Image Sensor 1. Pixel structure of MOS tube The MOS transistor and the photodiode form a structural cross-section equivalent to a pixel. During the light integration period, the MOS transistor is cut off, and the photodiode generates corresponding carriers according to the intensity of the incident light and stores them at the P-N junction of the source (position \u2460 in the figure below). When the integration period ends, a scan pulse is applied to the gate of the MOS transistor, turning it on, resetting the photodiode to the reference potential, and causing a video current to flow through the load, the magnitude of which corresponds to the incident light intensity. The MOS transistor source P.N junction plays the role of photoelectric conversion and carrier storage. When a pulse signal is applied to the gate, the video signal is read out. 2. CMOS image sensor array structure The CMOS pixel array structure consists of a horizontal shift register, a vertical shift register and a CMOS pixel array. CMOS sensor array structure (1-vertical shift register; 2-horizontal shift register; 3-horizontal scanning switch; 4-vertical scanning switch; 5-pixel array; 6-signal line; 7-pixel) As mentioned above, each MOS transistor acts as a switch under the pulse drive of the horizontal and vertical scanning circuits. The horizontal shift register sequentially turns on the MOS transistors that play the horizontal scanning role from left to right, that is, the role of addressing the column, and the vertical shift register sequentially addresses the rows of the array. Each pixel consists of a photodiode and a MOS transistor that acts as a vertical switch. The horizontal switch is turned on in sequence under the action of the pulse generated by the horizontal shift register, and the vertical switch is turned on under the action of the pulse generated by the vertical shift register, so that the reference voltage (bias) is applied to the photodiode of the pixel in sequence. 3. Working principle and process of CMOS image sensor According to the functional block diagram of the CMOS image sensor, it can be found that the workflow of the CMOS image sensor is mainly divided into the following three steps. Functional block diagram of a CMOS image sensor Step 1: External light irradiates the pixel array, causing a photoelectric effect and generating corresponding charges in the pixel unit. The scene is focused onto the image sensor array through the imaging lens. The image sensor array is a two-dimensional pixel array. Each pixel includes a photodiode. The photodiode in each pixel converts the light intensity on its array surface into an electrical signal. Step 2: Select the pixel you want to operate through the row selection circuit and the column selection circuit, and read the electrical signal on the pixel. During the gating process, the row selection logic unit can scan the pixel array row by row or alternately, and the same is true for the columns. The row selection logic unit and the column selection logic unit can be used together to realize the window extraction function of the image. Step 3: Perform signal processing on the corresponding pixel units. The image signals in the row pixel units are transmitted to the corresponding analog signal processing units and A\/D converters through the signal buses of their respective columns, and converted into digital image signals for output. The main function of the analog signal processing units is to amplify the signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. After the pixel electrical signal is amplified, it is sent to the correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit for processing. Correlated double sampling is an important method used by high-quality devices to eliminate some interference. Its basic principle is that the image sensor leads to two outputs, one for the real-time signal and the other for the reference signal. The same or related interference signals are removed by the difference of the two signals. This method can reduce KTC noise, reset noise and fixed pattern noise FPN (Fixed Pattern Noise), and can also reduce 1\/f noise and improve signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, it can also complete signal integration, amplification, sampling, holding and other functions. The signal is then output to an analog\/digital converter and converted into a digital signal output. In addition, in order to obtain a practical camera of qualified quality, the chip must contain various control circuits, such as exposure time control, automatic gain control, etc. In order to make each part of the circuit in the chip move at a specified beat, multiple timing control signals must be used. In order to facilitate the application of the camera, the chip is also required to output some timing signals, such<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12970"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12970\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/id\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}