{"id":12970,"date":"2024-07-26T02:01:29","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T02:01:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk?p=12970"},"modified":"2024-07-26T02:11:24","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T02:11:24","slug":"camera-module-cmos-image-sensor-selection-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/vi\/huong-dan-lua-chon-cam-bien-hinh-anh-cmos-module-camera\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-\u0111un camera"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Hi\u1ec7n nay, hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 CCD (Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gh\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch) v\u00e0 CMOS (B\u00e1n d\u1eabn oxit kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed5 sung).
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Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, CMOS hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng, tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ed9t, logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i AD, giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ra bus d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, giao di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chip silicon. Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean chip c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i AD, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u1eafng, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111en, hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh gamma, v.v. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh nhanh, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb DSP c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb CMOS \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t chip.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf mua c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS, anh ta ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4 ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thanh ghi logic m\u1ea3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o xung th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS<\/strong>
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1. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng MOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Transistor MOS v\u00e0 photodiode t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh. Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, transistor MOS b\u1ecb c\u1eaft v\u00e0 photodiode t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang t\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p PN c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n (v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u2460 trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Khi chu k\u1ef3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft th\u00fac, m\u1ed9t xung qu\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn MOS, b\u1eadt n\u00f3 l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i\u1ed1t quang v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n video ch\u1ea1y qua t\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p PN c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn MOS \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u00f3ng mang. Khi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u xung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u1ed5ng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u video \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea3ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh CMOS bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t thanh ghi d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ngang, m\u1ed9t thanh ghi d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh CMOS.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea3ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn CMOS<\/span><\/p>\n

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(1-thanh ghi d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc; 2-thanh ghi d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ngang; 3-c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc qu\u00e9t ngang; 4-c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdc; m\u1ea3ng 5 pixel; 6-\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u; 7 pixel)<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, m\u1ed7i b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn MOS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n xung c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch qu\u00e9t ngang v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc. Thanh ghi d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ngang tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 b\u1eadt c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn MOS \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 qu\u00e9t ngang t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 thanh ghi d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ed1t quang v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn MOS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc d\u1ecdc. C\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xung do thanh ghi d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ngang t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt theo t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xung do thanh ghi d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tham chi\u1ebfu (\u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111i\u1ed1t quang c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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3. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba b\u01b0\u1edbc sau.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh, g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ea3ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng qua \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. M\u1ea3ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng pixel hai chi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed7i pixel bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t photodiode. Photodiode trong m\u1ed7i pixel chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gating, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb logic ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t t\u1eebng h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean m\u1ea3ng pixel, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u0169ng v\u1eady. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb logic ch\u1ecdn h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb logic ch\u1ecdn c\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

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B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb pixel t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb pixel h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i A\/D t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bus t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ra. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec5u.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sau khi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n pixel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu k\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan (CDS) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd. L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu k\u00e9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec5u. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hai \u0111\u1ea7u ra, m\u1ed9t cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5u gi\u1ed1ng nhau ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh hai t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u KTC, nhi\u1ec5u reset v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u m\u1eabu c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh FPN (Fixed Pattern Noise), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u 1\/f v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec5u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, gi\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1\/k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, chip ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v.v. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch trong chip di chuy\u1ec3n theo nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh, chip c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v.v.<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\n
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C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, chi\u1ebfm 90% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, l\u00e1i xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, an ninh, Internet v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed <\/strong>m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CCD. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3, CMOS ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh SLR gia \u0111\u00ecnh.
    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 CMOS k\u00e9m h\u01a1n CCD m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a m\u00e0u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng chip x\u1eed l\u00fd CMOS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n CCD \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecdc nhanh, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, v.v. Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh SLR hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

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    • \n

      \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS. Camera k\u00e9p v\u00e0 camera 3D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea1nh tranh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un camera, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 2 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn 5 tri\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.
      <\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u00f3i chung, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn CMOS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn CMOS chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn CMOS x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn CMOS chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ed1t quang v\u00e0 l\u1edbp d\u00e2y d\u1eabn sao cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ed1t quang nh\u1ea1y s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u1ee5p trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng. IPhon, Xiaomi, Meizu, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn CMOS x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn CMOS chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Sony.<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

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      • \n

        Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn CMOS sau \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e1i xe t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 camera g\u1eafn tr\u00ean xe \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. M\u1ed7i camera b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn CMOS b\u1ed5 sung, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a quy m\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng CMOS.<\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Yole Group, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng $5,5 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2022, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m cao nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00f4 t\u00f4 (bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i radar, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, v.v.).<\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n

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          L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c an ninh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t an ninh, th\u00f4ng tin h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua camera, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh an ninh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t an ninh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Trong t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 851 t\u1ef7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh an ninh Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 2020, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n an ninh chi\u1ebfm 510 t\u1ef7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m an ninh chi\u1ebfm 260 t\u1ef7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfm 81 t\u1ef7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00eam c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh an ninh, quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng CIS trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t an ninh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/span><\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

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            L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c IOT (Internet v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c IOT, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un camera \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi video v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 TV, loa th\u00f4ng minh, m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i, VR\/AR v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn CMOS c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169; v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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            L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS c\u1ee7a Canon<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

            <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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            Danh s\u00e1ch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS c\u1ee7a Canon<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

            \"b2f5519560ba82b65e1c2d3b8e2d59b0.png\"\/<\/p>\n

            \"4082b89f70ec149a51bd683d1d8655f3.png\"\/<\/p>\n

            S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

            \"4006a0fe10c0c6e4c5be1b6dfd34f086.png\"\/<\/p>\n

            D\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t\/t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn m\u00e1y<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

            \"3e4a2bd408e0fa92d30c01b5efc0365a.png\"\/<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

            <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u00b7K\u1ebeT TH\u00daC\u00b7<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

            <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Introduction to CMOS Image Sensor Image sensors are devices that convert light signals into electrical signals and are widely used in the digital television and visual communication markets. Currently, the two most widely used are CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). Among them, CMOS is currently the most eye-catching and is considered to have the greatest development potential. CMOS image sensor is a typical solid-state imaging sensor, usually composed of image sensitive unit array, row driver, column driver, timing control logic, AD converter, data bus output interface, control interface and other parts. These parts are usually integrated on the same silicon chip. Its working process can generally be divided into reset, photoelectric conversion, integration and readout. Other digital signal processing circuits can also be integrated on the CMOS image sensor chip, such as AD converters, automatic exposure control, non-uniformity compensation, white balance processing, black level control, gamma correction, etc. In order to perform fast calculations, even DSP devices with programmable functions can be integrated with CMOS devices to form a single-chip digital camera and image processing system. More precisely, a CMOS image sensor should be considered an image system. In fact, when a designer buys a CMOS image sensor, he or she gets a complete system including image array logic registers, memory, timing pulse generators, and converters. Working Principle of CMOS Image Sensor 1. Pixel structure of MOS tube The MOS transistor and the photodiode form a structural cross-section equivalent to a pixel. During the light integration period, the MOS transistor is cut off, and the photodiode generates corresponding carriers according to the intensity of the incident light and stores them at the P-N junction of the source (position \u2460 in the figure below). When the integration period ends, a scan pulse is applied to the gate of the MOS transistor, turning it on, resetting the photodiode to the reference potential, and causing a video current to flow through the load, the magnitude of which corresponds to the incident light intensity. The MOS transistor source P.N junction plays the role of photoelectric conversion and carrier storage. When a pulse signal is applied to the gate, the video signal is read out. 2. CMOS image sensor array structure The CMOS pixel array structure consists of a horizontal shift register, a vertical shift register and a CMOS pixel array. CMOS sensor array structure (1-vertical shift register; 2-horizontal shift register; 3-horizontal scanning switch; 4-vertical scanning switch; 5-pixel array; 6-signal line; 7-pixel) As mentioned above, each MOS transistor acts as a switch under the pulse drive of the horizontal and vertical scanning circuits. The horizontal shift register sequentially turns on the MOS transistors that play the horizontal scanning role from left to right, that is, the role of addressing the column, and the vertical shift register sequentially addresses the rows of the array. Each pixel consists of a photodiode and a MOS transistor that acts as a vertical switch. The horizontal switch is turned on in sequence under the action of the pulse generated by the horizontal shift register, and the vertical switch is turned on under the action of the pulse generated by the vertical shift register, so that the reference voltage (bias) is applied to the photodiode of the pixel in sequence. 3. Working principle and process of CMOS image sensor According to the functional block diagram of the CMOS image sensor, it can be found that the workflow of the CMOS image sensor is mainly divided into the following three steps. Functional block diagram of a CMOS image sensor Step 1: External light irradiates the pixel array, causing a photoelectric effect and generating corresponding charges in the pixel unit. The scene is focused onto the image sensor array through the imaging lens. The image sensor array is a two-dimensional pixel array. Each pixel includes a photodiode. The photodiode in each pixel converts the light intensity on its array surface into an electrical signal. Step 2: Select the pixel you want to operate through the row selection circuit and the column selection circuit, and read the electrical signal on the pixel. During the gating process, the row selection logic unit can scan the pixel array row by row or alternately, and the same is true for the columns. The row selection logic unit and the column selection logic unit can be used together to realize the window extraction function of the image. Step 3: Perform signal processing on the corresponding pixel units. The image signals in the row pixel units are transmitted to the corresponding analog signal processing units and A\/D converters through the signal buses of their respective columns, and converted into digital image signals for output. The main function of the analog signal processing units is to amplify the signals and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. After the pixel electrical signal is amplified, it is sent to the correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit for processing. Correlated double sampling is an important method used by high-quality devices to eliminate some interference. Its basic principle is that the image sensor leads to two outputs, one for the real-time signal and the other for the reference signal. The same or related interference signals are removed by the difference of the two signals. This method can reduce KTC noise, reset noise and fixed pattern noise FPN (Fixed Pattern Noise), and can also reduce 1\/f noise and improve signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, it can also complete signal integration, amplification, sampling, holding and other functions. The signal is then output to an analog\/digital converter and converted into a digital signal output. In addition, in order to obtain a practical camera of qualified quality, the chip must contain various control circuits, such as exposure time control, automatic gain control, etc. In order to make each part of the circuit in the chip move at a specified beat, multiple timing control signals must be used. In order to facilitate the application of the camera, the chip is also required to output some timing signals, such<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12970","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12970"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12970\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12970"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12970"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12970"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}