{"id":13460,"date":"2024-11-17T09:36:33","date_gmt":"2024-11-17T09:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk?p=13460"},"modified":"2024-11-17T09:39:46","modified_gmt":"2024-11-17T09:39:46","slug":"detailed-parameter-indicators-of-cmos-image-sensor-and-lens-of-camera-module","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dgzx.hk\/vi\/chi-so-thong-so-chi-tiet-cua-cam-bien-hinh-anh-cmos-va-ong-kinh-cua-mo-dun-may-anh\/","title":{"rendered":"[Chia s\u1ebb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf] B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS (Sensor) v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a module camera"},"content":{"rendered":"

1.C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS<\/a> (C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn)<\/h2>\n

1.1 K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng nh\u1ea1y s\u00e1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng inch. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 khung h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 4:3, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, 16mm trong c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 1 inch. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu s\u00e1ng c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m 4\/3 inch, 1 inch, 2\/3 inch, 1\/1.8 inch, 1\/2 inch, 1\/2.5 inch, 1\/3 inch v\u00e0 1\/4 inch. Khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m theo, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc (inch)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf mm<\/th>\nChi\u1ec1u cao th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf mm<\/th>\nChi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o<\/th>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
4\/3"<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n13.5<\/td>\n22.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1"<\/td>\n12.8<\/td>\n9.6<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2\/3"<\/td>\n8.8<\/td>\n6.6<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1\/1,8"<\/td>\n7.11<\/td>\n5.33<\/td>\n8.89<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1\/2"<\/td>\n6.4<\/td>\n4.8<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1\/2,5"<\/td>\n5.75<\/td>\n4.32<\/td>\n7.19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1\/3"<\/td>\n4.8<\/td>\n3.6<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1\/4"<\/td>\n3.2<\/td>\n2.4<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

1.2 Giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i giao di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh CMOS ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m MIPI, DVP v\u00e0 LVDS. Giao di\u1ec7n MIPI l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u m\u1ea1nh. Giao di\u1ec7n DVP l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n song song truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1eadm, nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Giao di\u1ec7n LVDS l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp vi sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n

1.3\u0110i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

Pixel l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Nh\u00ecn chung, pixel c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, pixel qu\u00e1 cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec5u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

2. \u1ed0ng k\u00ednh<\/h2>\n

2.1<\/span>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

EFL (\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng) \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb t\u00e2m th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh (b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh ph\u00eda sau) \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh (ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00eda sau); ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n

\u25cfL\u01b0u \u00fd: Ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e9o v\u00e0 g\u00f3c s\u00e1ng ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh b\u1ecb cong nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh quang sai. N\u1ebfu ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i, \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh s\u1ebd qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

TTL (T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray) T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i quang h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh trong th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh. T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh. Trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf TTL.<\/p>\n

BFL (Back Focal Length) \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 quang h\u1ecdc ph\u00eda sau<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

FFL (Front Focal Length) \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 quang h\u1ecdc ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\u25cfL\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00eda sau (FBL, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi FFL, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00eda sau) ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 m\u1eb7t b\u00edch.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf FBL\/FFL (Flange Focal Length) chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 ph\u00eda sau (Flange Focal Length)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

FOV (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn) Tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn ch\u00e9o (FOV-D), tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn ngang (FOV-H) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn d\u1ecdc (FOV-V). Tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn ch\u00e9o l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn ngang l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn d\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u25cfC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n: FOV-H=2tan(H\/2D), FOV-V=2tan(V\/2D), FOV-D=2tan[sqrt(H\u00b2+V\u00b2)\/2D], trong \u0111\u00f3 H l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u ngang, V l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 D l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb t\u00e2m th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

F\/NO. (S\u1ed1 F) Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 (Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i)<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\u25cfCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\u25cfL\u01b0u \u00fd: Theo ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn th\u00ec kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf. N\u00f3i chung, F\/# = 2,8, nh\u01b0ng F\/# = 3,2 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chip \u0111\u01a1n. F\/# c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

RI (\u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i) \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ngo\u1ea1i vi.<\/p>\n

\u25cfL\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n xung quanh t\u1ed1i h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i g\u00f3c. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e9o m\u00e0u. RI t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi COS\u2074 (b\u00e1n FOV). Khi RI < 50%, m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng "g\u00f3c b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t" s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111en. Do \u0111\u00f3, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi RI l\u00e0 RI> 50%.<\/p>\n

CRA (Chief Ray Angle) G\u00f3c tia tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00f3c tia ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00f3c gi\u1eefa tia ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 tia song song. Tia ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tia ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb r\u00eca c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, \u0111i qua t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng ch\u1eafn kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi r\u00eca c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

\u25cf L\u01b0u \u00fd: G\u00f3c ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 tia ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i g\u00f3c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc b\u1ecb \u00e1m.<\/p>\n

MTF (H\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf) <\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf quang h\u1ecdc \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb \u0111i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 M l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

\u25cf L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho MTF c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn = 1000\/2,8\/2 = 179lp\/mm (K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh 2,8um) ho\u1eb7c 1\/(2\u00d7K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh). \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 c\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean 1 mm, theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb lp\/mm.<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng qu\u00e9t TV-Line<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ngang c\u1ee7a m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i. TV-Line=lp\/mm\u00d72\u00d7Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

 L\u00f3a s\u00e1ng\/B\u00f3ng ma<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 \u1ea3nh thu nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u1ea3nh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00f9m tia kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng nhau x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc. Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

\"\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20241117170116.png\"\/<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

16mm: ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 16mm<\/p>\n

IR: \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

1\/2'': k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 1\/2''<\/p>\n

5MP: \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh, 500w pixel<\/p>\n

F4.0: c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 F\/4.0, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 4.0, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1\/kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9; trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 g\u00f3c t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau c\u1ef1: Ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1; \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh l\u1ed3i c\u00e0ng l\u1ed3i th\u00ec ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf; \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh l\u1ed3i c\u00e0ng ph\u1eb3ng th\u00ec ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. \u1ed0ng k\u00ednh zoom thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh. Ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng phim) c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh khi l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t \u1edf v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ti\u00eau c\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9: F1.4, F2.0, F2.8, F4.0, F5.6, F8.0\u2026, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp theo b\u1eb1ng 1,4 l\u1ea7n (c\u0103n b\u1eadc hai c\u1ee7a 2) kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

2.2 \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

Khi kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn<\/p>\n

Khi ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh:<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn<\/p>\n

2.3 Giao di\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

Giao di\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0m C v\u00e0 ng\u00e0m CS, \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch b\u00edch (kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebf g\u1eafn \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m) kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1y \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 Senor l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch b\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0m C l\u00e0 17,526mm, trong khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch b\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0m CS l\u00e0 12,5mm.<\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh giao di\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh M12, M42, v.v. M12 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh giao di\u1ec7n 12mm.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 pin<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh SLR. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0m E v\u00e0 ng\u00e0m EF, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch b\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

2.4 T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh TTL<\/h3>\n

T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i quang h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh trong th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

Khi thay tr\u00f2ng k\u00ednh, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc xem t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2ng k\u00ednh c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

TTL \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. Khi TTL qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i, \u1ed1ng b\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\"1731835586515164.png\"<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh, TTL = 16mm.<\/p>\n

TTL: T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i quang h\u1ecdc, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

TFL: T\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh\/t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

EFL: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

F\/NO: K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n

FBL: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 v\u00e0nh), kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

BFL (Back Focal Length): \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 quang h\u1ecdc ph\u00eda sau, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

FOV: FOV ngang, FOV d\u1ecdc, FOV ch\u00e9o<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ray Agnle: G\u00f3c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n

Ren: K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00edt, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh M8 8mm, b\u01b0\u1edbc ren P0.35 0.35mm<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, 4G+IR+Kim lo\u1ea1i, 4 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh th\u1ee7y tinh, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i: \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i, LP\/mm, C\u1eb7p v\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean milim\u00e9t, c\u1eb7p v\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean milim\u00e9t; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 10 lp\/mm ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 10 c\u1eb7p v\u1ea1ch \u0111en tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 1mm v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 20 v\u1ea1ch \u0111en tr\u1eafng, do \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 1\/20 = 0,05mm<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn FOV 2.5<\/h3>\n

FOV b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec FOV c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec FOV c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

FOV c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

2.6 \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h3>\n

Khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p b\u1edfi c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i + \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p b\u1edfi m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh full-frame + \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn gi\u1ed1ng nhau, th\u00ec ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh khi ch\u1ee5p b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh full-frame l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn v\u1edbi m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh full-frame.<\/p>\n

2.7 Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o. Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh. Kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh theo c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (f'\/D) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 F, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 F\/\u2026.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 F, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 F4.0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 F2.8 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u01a1i s\u00e1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

3. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh<\/h2>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v: kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt u: kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh<\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 f: tham s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh; \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh; \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh zoom, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: AF l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh); zoom l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ti\u00eau c\u1ef1, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i<\/p>\n

3.1 Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u1ed3i<\/h3>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh l\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

u>2f, f<\/p>\n

u=2f=v: \u1ea3nh th\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nhau<\/p>\n

n\u1ebfu <u 2f: \u1ea3nh th\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng to (m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu)<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh: 1\/u + 1\/v = 1\/f, ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 n\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 u >>> v, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh AF, m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf trong kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn trong kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 u. Do \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi VCM th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea1m vi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 n\u00e9t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Khi f kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea3nh v t\u0103ng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt u gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n (u+v gi\u1ea3m) (Khi AF VCM b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra ngo\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f5 n\u00e9t g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh v\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1edbn h\u01a1n)<\/p>\n

Khi f kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea3nh v gi\u1ea3m, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt u t\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n (u+v t\u0103ng)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n sang \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh c\u00f3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m; n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

3.2 \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau c\u1ef1<\/h3>\n

\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh c\u00f3 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1n s\u1eafc, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a l\u0103ng k\u00ednh. B\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u00e0ng d\u00e0i, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1 c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea1m vi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecf: 770~622nm; Cam: 622~597nm; V\u00e0ng: 597~577nm; Xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y: 577~492nm; Xanh lam, Ch\u00e0m: 492~455nm; T\u00edm: 455~350nm.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a camera gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t: V\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, camera s\u1ebd ch\u1ee5p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh video m\u00e0u; khi m\u00e0n \u0111\u00eam bu\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng, camera s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ban \u0111\u00eam. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i IR CUT (b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u1eaft h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i) n\u00e0y, ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a camera th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, khi\u1ebfn camera ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a camera \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a camera h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a camera ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 camera m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9t cao, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh camera gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t IR (h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i) \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng k\u00ednh IR, l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ee7y tinh quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quang h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng trong \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh IR c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, camera s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh IR kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t xa h\u01a1n khi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh, vui l\u00f2ng theo d\u00f5i Doozx. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4-\u0111un li\u00ean quan, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a>!<\/p>\n

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1.CMOS image sensor (Sensor) 1.1 Sensor size Sensor size is a key indicator to measure the size of its photosensitive area, usually expressed in diagonal length in inches. The aspect ratio is generally 4:3, but for historical reasons, 16mm in the sensor is defined as 1 inch. The larger the sensor size, the stronger its ability to capture light, thus generating higher quality images. Common sensor sizes include 4\/3 inch, 1 inch, 2\/3 inch, 1\/1.8 inch, 1\/2 inch, 1\/2.5 inch, 1\/3 inch and 1\/4 inch. As the size decreases, its actual width and height will also decrease accordingly, affecting its ability to capture light and generate images. Size (inches) Actual width mm Actual height mm Diagonal length 4\/3" 18 13.5 22.5 1" 12.8 9.6 16 2\/3" 8.8 6.6 11 1\/1.8" 7.11 5.33 8.89 1\/2" 6.4 4.8 8 1\/2.5" 5.75 4.32 7.19 1\/3" 4.8 3.6 6 1\/4" 3.2 2.4 4 1.2 CMOS Image Sensor interface The interface types of CMOS image sensors mainly include MIPI, DVP and LVDS. The MIPI interface is a high-speed serial interface used to transmit image data and control signals, with the advantages of low power consumption, high bandwidth and strong anti-interference ability. The DVP interface is a parallel interface that transmits image data simultaneously through multiple data lines. It is relatively slow, but the cost is low. The LVDS interface is a differential serial interface used to transmit high-speed image data, suitable for long-distance transmission and high-speed applications. 1.3Pixel Pixel is the basic unit of the image sensor, which determines the resolution and clarity of the image. Generally speaking, the higher the pixel, the higher the image resolution and the stronger the ability to express details. However, too high a pixel may also lead to increased image noise and reduced image processing capabilities. 2.Lens 2.1Detailed explanation of optical lens parameters EFL (Effective Focal Length) Effective focal length The distance from the center of the lens to the focal point. Image focal length refers to the distance from the image principal surface (rear principal surface) to the image focal point (rear focal point); object focal length refers to the distance from the object principal surface (front principal surface) to the object focal point (front focal point). \u25cfNotes: A focal length that is too short will result in a large field of view, making it difficult to control distortion and the main light angle, low relative illumination, severe lens bending, and difficult to correct aberration. If the focal length is too long, the lens will be too long, which is not conducive to system miniaturization, and the field of view is too small to meet user needs. TTL (Total Track Length) Total length of the lens The total optical length refers to the distance from the first surface of the lens in the lens to the image surface. The total length of the mechanism refers to the distance from the end face of the lens barrel to the image surface. In lens products, it generally refers to the mechanism TTL. BFL (Back Focal Length) Optical back focal length The distance from the last surface of the lens in the optical system to the image surface. FFL (Front Focal Length) Optical front focal length The distance from the first surface of the lens in the optical system to the object surface. \u25cfNote: It should be distinguished from the mechanism back focal length (FBL, sometimes mixed with FFL, but here it specifically refers to the mechanism back focal length) or flange focal length. FBL\/FFL (Flange Focal Length) Mechanism back focal length (flange focal length) The distance from the last mechanism surface of the lens group to the image plane. FOV (Field Of View) Field of view The maximum field of view that the lens can capture. The field of view can be divided into diagonal field of view (FOV-D), horizontal field of view (FOV-H), and vertical field of view (FOV-V). The diagonal field of view is the largest, the horizontal field of view is the second, and the vertical field of view is the smallest. \u25cfCalculation formula: FOV-H=2tan(H\/2D), FOV-V=2tan(V\/2D), FOV-D=2tan[sqrt(H\u00b2+V\u00b2)\/2D], where H is the horizontal dimension, V is the vertical dimension, and D is the distance from the center of the lens to the object. F\/NO. (F-Number) Aperture (Relative Aperture) The ratio of the effective focal length to the entrance pupil diameter. \u25cfFunction: Determines the brightness of the lens. \u25cfRemarks: Under the premise of ensuring the same aperture, the shorter the focal length, the smaller the relative aperture should be. Generally, F\/#=2.8, but F\/#=3.2 for single-chip design. The smaller the F\/#, the larger the aperture. RI (Relative Illumination) Relative Illumination The ratio of central illumination to peripheral illumination. \u25cfNotes: Too low relative illumination is manifested as a brighter center of the image and darker surroundings, which is a vignetting phenomenon. Too low relative illumination can also cause color distortion. RI is proportional to COS\u2074 (semi-FOV). When RI < 50%, the human eye can distinguish the difference. In severe cases, the "missing corner" phenomenon will appear with all four corners of the picture completely black. Therefore, the basic requirement for RI is RI> 50%. CRA (Chief Ray Angle) Chief Ray Angle The chief ray angle is the angle between the chief ray and the parallel ray. The chief ray is the ray emitted from the edge of the object, passing through the center of the aperture diaphragm and finally reaching the edge of the image. \u25cf Notes: An inappropriate chief ray emission angle will lead to severe vignetting, decreased contrast, and color cast. MTF (Modulation Transfer Function)  Optical modulation transfer function Modulation is the ratio of the brightest light minus the darkest light to the brightest light plus the darkest light. The result M is the contrast of the light. \u25cf Note: The required calculation formula for Sensor MTF is Sensor full-frequency resolution = 1000\/2.8\/2 = 179lp\/mm (2.8um Pixel Size) or 1\/(2\u00d7Pixel Size). Resolution is the number of resolvable line pairs per 1 mm, in units of lp\/mm. 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