What modules does the camera hardware consist of?

Cameras can be divided into two categories: digital cameras and analog cameras. The digital camera can convert the analog video signal generated by the video acquisition equipment into a digital signal, and then store it in the computer. The video signal captured by the analog camera must be converted into digital mode by a specific video capture card, and then compressed before it can be converted to the computer. Digital cameras can capture images directly and send them to a computer via serial, parallel or USB ports. The camera on the computer market is mainly digital camera, and the digital camera is mainly USB digital camera using the new data transmission interface, and most of the visible products on the market are such products. There is also a product that works with video capture cards, but it is not mainstream. Due to the rapid popularity of personal computers, the overall cost of analog cameras is high, and can not meet the BSV LCD splicing screen interface and other reasons, the transmission speed of the USB interface is much higher than the speed of the serial port and parallel port, so the market USB interface digital camera. Analog camera can be used with video capture card or USB video capture card, it is very convenient to connect with the computer to use, typical application is general video surveillance. Clean area camera, clean area embedded special camera is a special camera for real-time monitoring of key positions of important equipment in clean room in clean area. The camera is flat panel, embedded color steel plate installation, zero hygiene dead Angle, easy to clean, easy to install, fast multi-point control, compatible with mainstream video systems

1, the LENS (LENS) : LENS structure, composed of a few pieces of LENS, has the Plastic cement through e68a84e79fa5e9819331333431373837 mirror (Plastic) or Glass LENS (Glass).

2, image sensor: CCD (charge-coupled device) charge-coupled device, CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) complementary metal oxide semiconductor.

3, power supply: the camera requires two operating voltages: 3.3V and 2.5V, and the latest process chip is useful to 1.8V.

CAMERA is mainly divided into digital camera and analog camera two kinds, analog camera that can directly through the video interface (usually S terminal or AV terminal) connected to the display device (generally refers to the TV or monitor) camera to complete the camera function, is characterized by the analog image is clear and coherent, not affected by the resolution. The analog cameras are mainly black and white cameras with low price.

The digital camera can directly capture images and convert into digital signals stored in the computer, the signal transmission interface development from the early serial port development to today's USB2.0 and IEEE1394 firewire interface, we are mainly involved in the PC camera, its mainstream refers to the USB interface of the digital camera.

An image SENSOR is a semiconductor chip that contains hundreds of thousands to millions of photodiodes on its surface. When a photodiode is illuminated by light, it generates a charge beam. DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING chip DSP (DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING) function: mainly through a series of complex mathematical algorithms to optimize the digital image signal parameters, and the processed signal through USB and other interfaces to the PC and other devices.

two From the composition of the camera to determine the quality of a camera from the hardware point of view is mainly:

1. LENS

The composition of the lens is a lens structure, which is composed of several lenses, generally plastic lenses or glass lenses. Usually the camera lens structure is: 1P, 2P, 1G1P, 1G2P, 2G2P, 4G and so on. The more lenses, the higher the cost; Glass lenses are more expensive than plastic. Therefore, a good quality camera should use a glass lens, and the imaging effect will be better than that of a plastic lens. Most camera products on the market now, in order to reduce costs, generally use plastic lenses or semi-plastic and semi-glass lenses (i.e., 1P, 2P, 1G1P, 1G2P, etc.).

2. Image SENSOR

Image sensors fall into two categories: CCD (charge couple device) : charge-coupled device CMOS(complementary metal oxide)

The advantages of CMOS CCD are high sensitivity, low noise, and large signal-to-noise ratio. However, the production process is complicated, the cost is high, and the power consumption is high. The advantages of CMOS are high integration, low power consumption (less than 1/3 of CCD), and low cost. However, the noise is relatively large, the sensitivity is low, and the light source is high. Under the same pixel CCD imaging often permeability, sharpness are very good, color reproduction, exposure can ensure basic accuracy. CMOS products often have general permeability, weak color reduction ability for real objects, and poor exposure. Therefore, we should pay more attention to skills when using cameras, especially products with CMOS chips: first of all, do not use in the backlight environment (the same as CCD), especially do not point directly to the sun, otherwise the tragedy of "magnifying glass burning ants" will occur on your camera. Secondly, the ambient light should not be too weak, otherwise it will directly affect the image quality. There are two ways to overcome this difficulty, one is to strengthen the surrounding brightness, and the other is to choose products that require minimum lighting, and now some cameras can reach 5lux. Finally, we should pay attention to the reasonable use of lens zoom, do not underestimate this, through the correct adjustment, the camera can also have the function of shooting chip. At present, the digital cameras sold in the market are basically CCD and CMOS. In mining e799bee5baa6e997aee7ad94e59b9ee7ad9431333332636338 CMOS products for sensitive components, by adopting image light source automatic gain reinforcement technology, automatic brightness, white balance control technology, Advanced image control technologies such as color saturation, contrast, edge enhancement and gamma correction can achieve results comparable to CCD cameras. Limited by the market situation and market development, the camera uses CCD image sensor manufacturers are few, the main reason is the use of CCD image sensor cost.

3, digital signal processing chip (DSP)

In the choice of DSP, it is determined according to the camera cost and market acceptance. Now DSP manufacturers in the design, production of DSP technology has gradually matured, the difference in the technical indicators is not very big, but some DSP in the subtle links and drivers to be further improved.

4, image Resolution/resolution

The image resolution/resolution of the camera is that we often say how many pixels of the camera, in practical applications, the higher the pixel of the camera, the better the image quality, but on the other hand, it is not the higher the pixel the better, for the same picture, the higher the pixel of the product its ability to parse the image is also stronger, but relative to the amount of data it records will be much larger. Therefore, the requirements for storage devices are much higher, so the current mainstream products are used in the choice of time. Due to the impact of camera price, computer hardware, imaging effect and other factors, the cameras on the market are basically sold at the 300,000-pixel level. There is also because the CMOS imaging effect is not ideal on high pixels, so the market for high pixel cameras is still CCD cameras. One thing to note: Some differentiation

Sensor and module

OTP = One Time Programming. Yes is stored in the SoC

Most of the writable storage locations are provided to factories or initial value Settings. Different sensors may have different register Settings, then load OPT can be set to work.

ccm modules are manufactured by the module factory. set ov is a photosensitive chip manufacturer, which only makes chips, that is, camera sensor. In addition, the camera module on the phone is not only composed of sensor and lens. It mainly includes the lens and the mirror seat (used to fix the lens, the general mirror seat and the lens through the thread, can achieve the dual role of fixing and focusing.) fpc/pcb (is the circuit board, sensor patch on the circuit board), stainless steel reinforcement (plays a structural fixing role on the circuit board, on the back of the board), connector (used to connect with the mobile phone motherboard) camera module structure is relatively simple, but also involves the structure, optics, electronics and many disciplines.